Diet and the metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Background: The metabolic syndrome constitutes a complex health problem for populations worldwide. Apart from associated healthcare and management costs, it is also implicated in increased predisposition to cardiovascular disorders with their attendant morbidities and mortality. The complications arising from this syndrome arc diverse, with microvascular dysfunction being a key element. Diet is one of the key factors that lead to obesity; the precursor to metabolic syndrome. Design: We carried out a comprehensive search of academic databases (up to 2015), with specific emphasis on PubMed-cited articles, for studies on metabolic syndrome, obesity and induced inflammation, type II diabetes mellitus, body fat and the role of diet in obesity. All results obtained across studies were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Purpose and findings: This review examines current literature on this disorder, its complications and management. It also explores current concepts and perceptions on genetic influences on this syndrome, while emphasizing the influence of diet on both its development and management. It also endeavors to explore these linkages in order to identify new avenues for research into this syndrome.