PREVALENCE OF OBESITY, HYPERGLYCAEMIA AND DYSLIPIDAEMIA AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG SENIOR STAFF OF THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of deaths due to non-communicable diseases worldwide. Obesity, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus are diseases associated with high risk for CVDs. Parallel changes in lifestyle and diet in developing countries have led to a greatly increased burden. Epidemiological data on the prevalence and associated factors of obesity, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus in senior public officers in Nigeria is rare. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of obesity, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia among senior staff of the University College Hospital, Ibadan as well as determine the pattern of clustering of obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. A cross sectional study was carried on 371 senior staff at the University College hospital, Ibadan. A self-administered semi-structured. questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic characteristics, occupational data, physical activity, lifestyle/diet. medical ,drug history, anthropometric measurements , blood pressure and laboratory investigations. Data was analysed using SPSS 19.0 to determine descriptive statistics. Chi-square test and logistic regression at p<0.05. The mean age of the participants was 41.5 ± 7.6 years. The prevalence of obesity was 34.8%, abdominal obesity, 70.9%, impaired fasting glucose, 5.1 %. diabetes. 1.6% hypercholesterolaemia, 33.2%, hypertriglyceridaemia, 2.7%, decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), 45.3% and increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC) , 39.4% . Gender, age, marital status, first degree relatives of diabetics and cadre were factors found to be associated with obesity. Gender, age, marital status and cadre were factors found to be associated with abdominal obesity. Age, obesity and abdominal obesity showed significant associations with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). The associated factors of diabetes include age, physical stress, hypertension, family history of diabetes and first degree relative history of diabetes. Age, obesity, abdominal obesity, IFG, alcohol consumption, hypertension and cadre were observed to be associated with hypercholesterolaemia and high LDLC. Age was the only factor associated with the occurrence of hypertriglycaeridaemia in this study. Marital status, obesity, abdominal obesity. being engaged in physical activity, sports activity and sedentary lifestyle were found to be associated factors associated with low HDLC. Approximately 64% of the participants of this study had a combination of 2 or more of the factors (obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension). The most common pattern of clustering was obesity and dyslipidaemia. The high prevalence of obesity, dyslipidaemia, physical inactivity and low level of sports activity in health workers who are supposed to be role models suggest a negative potential impact on diffusion of knowledge and measures to control cardiovascular diseases in the general population.