In vitro and in vivo antimalarial studies of Striga hermonthica and Tapinanthus sessilifolius extracts

Abstract

The antimalarial activities of the methanol extracts of Striga hermonthica (whole plant) and Tapinanthus sessilifolius (leaves), commonly used in Northern Nigeria lor the treatment of malaria, were evaluated. In the in vitro antiplasmodial analysis. the extracts of T. sessilifolius and S hermonthica utilized in the study, displayed mild to weak activities with 1C^ values of200.5 and 274.8 j-lg/ml respectively. This was investigated, using the multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum. K1 strain, in the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay. The murine model in vivo antimalarial activity of the tested extracts, usingchloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei (ANKA PI), in the 4-day suppressive test, showed that both plants had intrinsic antimalarial properties, that were dose-dependent. At a dose of400mg/kg weight of mice, extract of S. hermonthica exhibited a higher intrinsic antimalarial activity (68.5 % suppression) than that of T. sessilifolius (51.3 %). Chloroquine, the standard reference drug, had an average suppression of 78.0 % at a dose of 10 mg/kg weight of mice while normal saline was used as control. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, volatile oils and cardiac glycosides.