The formation of acetate from ethanol with and without prior chlorpropamide intake in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects

Abstract

It has been suggested that raised post-ethanol plasma acetaldehyde levels, from inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase, underlie the liability to chlorpropamide alcohol flushing (CPAF). We tested the hypothesis that acetate formation from acetaldehyde. the reaction catalysed by that enzyme, was also likely to be affected by chlorpropamide (CP) medication. In six healthy non-diabetic 'non-flushers', fasting acetate (Ac ± s.d. mmol/1) was 0.22 ± 0.12, and increased by 0.47 ± 0.14 to peak levels by 30 min after intake of 40 ml dry sherry, which increased plasma ethanol (mmol/1) levels to 10.2 ± 6.0. After 5 days of CP (250 mg daily), fasting Ac (0.17 ± 0.05) and increase to peak of Ac and ethanol after 40 ml sherry (0.56 ±0.1 2 and 8.9 ± 7.2 respectively), were not changed (P n.s.). There was no correlation between Ac and ethanol at any time point. When the studies were repeated in five non-insulin-dependent diabetic 'flushers’, both on regular CP medication and after 3 days without CP, there was again no significant difference in fasting and post-ethanol Ac levels between the two studies (fasting 0.18 ± 0.04 v. 0.17 ± 0.02, and increase to peak 0.62 ± 0.13 v. 0.72 ± 0.18, P n.s.). These results indicate that the conversion of ethanol to acetate is unaffected by CP medication, and furthermore, that post-ethanol acetate levels do not predict liability to CPAF.