Ocular abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy

Abstract

This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of ocular abnormalities, as well as describe the various eye defects seen among cases of cerebral palsy presenting at the Paediatric Neurology Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. All cases of cerebral palsy seen at the Paediatric Neurology Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, over a period of 18months were carefully evaluated by the Paediatric Neurologist for signs of ocular abnormalities. “Those in whom such abnormalities were found were referred to the Consultant Ophthalmologist for detailed eye examination and accurate description of the ocular abnormalities. One hundred and forty-nine children with cerebral palsy were seen during the period of study, forty-two had associated ocular abnormalities, giving a prevalence rate of 28.2%. More than half (61.9%) of the cases were completely blind. The major ocular abnormalities identified in the affected cases were strabismus (50%), optic atrophy (50%) and cortical visual impairment (47.7%). Other eye defects less frequently seen were nystagmus (9.5%) and refractive errors (4.8%). Presence of spastic quadriplegia was associated with an increased risk of ocular abnormalities. Ocular abnormalities are a frequent problem in children with cerebral palsy. Evaluation of all children with cerebral palsy must include amongst other things, a full ophthalmologic evaluation, even when no gross eye anomalies are visible to the attending physician. Early identification of these defects in children with CP is crucial in order to institute prompt therapy in cases with defects that are amenable to treatment.