DSpace Community: Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics

DETERMINANTS OF TREATMENT INTERRUPTION AMONG PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS ON DIRECTLY OBSERVED TREATMENT SHORT-COURSE THERAPHY IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: DETERMINANTS OF TREATMENT INTERRUPTION AMONG PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS ON DIRECTLY OBSERVED TREATMENT SHORT-COURSE THERAPHY IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA Authors: Oyedele, Victor, Oluseyi Abstract: see the downloaded thesis for the abstract Description: A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MEDICAL STATISTICS, FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN FIELD EPIDEMIOLOGY

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR RE-INFECTION OF URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ISE/ORUN LGA, EKITI STATE

Thu, 01 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR RE-INFECTION OF URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ISE/ORUN LGA, EKITI STATE Authors: OJO, H.K. Abstract: Schistosomiasis is one of the most serious and prevalent neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Africa. It is a serious debilitating and sometimes fatal parasitic disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors for re-infection and knowledge of urinary schistosomiasis among public secondary school students of Ise/Orun LGA. There has been increase in the prevalence months after MAM activities in Ise/Orun LGA. Also, most studies centered on epidemiology of the disease with little or no attention towards accessing their knowledge about schistosomiasis. A descriptive cross sectional survey was carried out in four selected communities in Ise/Orun LGA, Ekiti State. A total of 635 students from four public secondary schools were interviewed using multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected using semi- structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Terminal urine samples were collected from 635 students for microscopic examination of the sediments for ova of S. heamatobiun. Respondents with positive urine samples were referred for treatment to comprehensive health centre in the community. Data obtained were entered and analyzed using Epi Info 7 software package. Six hundred and thirty five questionnaires were administered translating to 98% response rate, mean age of respondents was 14 years, and 77% of respondents were in junior secondary school. Orun community has the largest proportion of respondents (43%). Well water, 351 (55.3%) was the commonest sorurce of water for domestic and open defeacation was 307 (48%). Sixty five (10.2%) samples were positive for ova of S. heamatobium with boys accounting for 41 (63.1%). Ogbese and Obada communities were the most affected with 32.2% and 14.8% community specific attack rate. Ninety-three (14.6%) admitted ever passed bloody urine, while 54(8.5%) were currently passing bloody urine. Many, 429 (67.6%) heard information about schistosomiasis and the school, 434 (67.6%) was the commonest source of information. Good knowledge about urinary schistosomiasis was 63.6%. while 36.4% had poor knowledge about the disease. Use of drug, 352 (55.4%) and behavioural change by stopping urinating in rivers, 75 (11:8%) were some of the suggested schistosomiasis control measures. Use of open defecation (OR 1.4, p values <0.05, 95% Cl.1.4 - 4.2), ever and currently passing bloody urine had OR 1.9, p values <0.01, 95% CI.1.9 - 5.9 and OR 1.2, p values 0.02, 95% CI.1.2 - 5.1 respectively. Swim or wade in river (OR 1.8, p values <0.01, 95% Cl.1.8 - 6.1 ), urinate in the river (OR 2.4, p values <0.05, 95% CI.1.4 - 4.l) and not seek treatment for schistosomiasis (OR 0.4, p values <0.05, 95% CI.0.2 - 0.7) were significant factors. Determinants of knowledge about schistosomiasis were age of respondents not <= 14 years (OR 1.5, 95% Cl.l -2.1) and level of education not below JSS 3 (OR 1.7, 95% CL (1.2-2.4). Others include if the respondents had sought treatment for bloody urine, had not heard or use praziquantel. Among the communities, living at Ise and Ogbese were significant to having prior knowledge of schistosomiasis. Predictors of schistosomiasis infection in the Ise/Orun LGA communities were respondents residing at Ogbese community (AOR 10.95% C.l., (5 - 50), not seeking treatment for schistosomiasis (AOR 4.3, 95% Cl. (1.3 - 14.4), and heard of schistosomiasis (bloody urine), AOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.8 was a protective factor for schistosomiasis transmission. The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis from the study was high and intensity of infection associated with age and gender. High proportion engaged in wadding and swimming in rivers while some do urinate: in water bodies while swimming. Parental occupation (farming) of most respondent exposed them to contact with water bodies frequently putting them at higher risk. School was identified as major source of information about urinary schistosomiasis during school health programmes. Most respondents had average knowledge about the disease and preventive strategies, with poor knowledge about its transmission. Findings from the study will enhance proper interventional strategy planning towards reducing morbidity due to urinary schistosomiasis. Description: A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, in partial fulfillment for the requirement of the award of Masters of Public Health (Laboratory Epidemiology Practice) of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF STRAIN AMONG CAREGIVERS OF STROKE SURVIVORS IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Title: PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF STRAIN AMONG CAREGIVERS OF STROKE SURVIVORS IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA Authors: OTU, DAVID SAMUEL Abstract: Stroke, a cerebrovascular accident, is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. It exerts a significant effect not only on patients but also on family caregivers. Caregivers play a vital role in the functional recovery of stroke survivors, their role however, puts them in an extremely stressful and dauntingly overwhelming position which leaves them feeling quite strained, hence the concept of caregiver strain. Hence, this study aims to find the prevalence of caregiver strain, to determine the factors associated with caregiver strain and to assess the quality of life of Caregivers of Stroke survivors in Oyo State, Nigeria. This was a multicenter study conducted in the following clinics; University College Hospital, Ibadan (UCH), Ring-Road State Hospital Adeoyo, Ibadan, Adeoyo Maternity Hospital, Yemetu, Jericho Nursing Home, Ibadan, Family Medicine Clinic, Ibadan and General Hospital, Oyo town. This study focused on caregivers of stroke patients who accompany the patients to clinic visits. It employed a cross-sectional study design. Two hundred and forty-one caregivers of stroke patients were selected using systematic sampling were studied. A four-part questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics of caregivers, caregiver strain index (CSI), disability status (Barthel Index) of stroke survivors and quality of life (using WHO-BREF 26) short form tool. Data was summarized using percentages, frequencies for categorical data and mean ± SD for continuous variables. Chi-square tests was used to check for association between categorical variables, correlation was used to check for association between continuous variables, and logistic regressions were employed to measure extent of association between variables. All test for associations were conducted at 95% Confidence Level. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. AFRICAN DIGITAL HEALTH REPOSITORY PROJECT UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARYvi The mean age of respondents was 39.5 ± 15.6 years. Females numbered 134 (55.6%) and 108 (44%) had secondary education. Respondents were caregivers to their parents (42.7%), spouses (21.6%) and siblings (6%). The prevalence of caregiver strain was 71.8%. Factors associated with caregiver strain include; availability of support and finances (χ2 = 22.561, p < 0.05), length of caregiving time (r = 0.143, p = 0.02), disability status (r = -0.326, p = 0.04), physical health of caregiver (r = -0.129, p = 0.00). Mean Quality of life scores by their domains include; Physical (72.44 ± 11.321), Emotional / Psychological (62.19 ± 9.04), Social relationships (72.44 ± 16.20) and Environmental (62.77 ± 10.49). Findings of this study shows high prevalence of strain among caregivers of stroke survivors. Caregivers should be well integrated into the program for rehabilitating stroke survivors so as to lessen their strain. Strain or burden interviews should be performed on each clinic visit. Caregivers should be assessed when they present at the Clinic each time they visit with patients as a beneficial intervention. Description: A DISSERTATION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MEDICAL STATISTICS, SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN FIELD EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, NIGERIA.

RURAL AND URBAN DISPARITIES IN STUDENTS-TEACHERS VIOLENCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Title: RURAL AND URBAN DISPARITIES IN STUDENTS-TEACHERS VIOLENCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA Authors: OLOPADE, SUNDAY OLUWASEYI Abstract: School based violence is important because of the increasing prevalence of various forms of violence directed to teachers by the students. The association of teachers perpetration of violence to students has been explored, but there is dearth in the studies that explore students perpetration of violence to teachers in Africa, most especially in Nigeria. Violence against teachers may lead to post-traumatic stress disorder, job dissatisfaction and unsafe teaching environment. Hence, the need to explore the study. The objectives of the study is to determine the prevalence of students to teachers’ violence in public secondary schools in Ibadan and to investigate the determinants of violence. A cross sectional study was conducted using a facilitated self-administered questionnaires, adapted from WHO workplace violence in the Health sector. Forty public secondary schools in Ibadan were selected. A total of 400 respondents (200 each) from rural and urban schools were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Questions on experience of violence in the past 12 months were asked from the respondents. The main outcome variables are prevalence and factors affecting experience of psychological, sexual and physical violence. Psychological violence includes verbal abuse, threats, mobbing, shouting, among others. Sexual violence includes verbal sexual comment, unwanted sexual touching, offensive jokes and gestures, among others. Physical violence includes beating, kicking, slapping, stabling, pushing, among others. Statistical analysis of the data was done using frequency counts, means, standard deviation bar charts, percentages, chi square and logistic regression, using SPSS version 20. Of the 400 respondents selected, their mean age was 42.6±9.0years, 62% were above 40years, 82.9% were married, 53.8% were females and 43.6% had bachelor’s degree in education. The types of violence experienced were physical (7.8%), sexual (12.0%) and psychological (31%). Males (11.9%; P=0.004) reported higher physical violence while females (15.8%; P=0.004) reported higher sexual violence. Respondents from rural schools experienced higher prevalence of all the three forms of violence. The determinants of physical violence were Males (OR=2.92, 95% CI 1.20-7.11), Income of #18,000-#50,000 (OR=4.68, 95% CI: 1.33-16.54), Female (OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.11-0.58) for sexual and income of #18,000 and #50,000 (OR=4.41, 95% CI: 2.08-9.35) for psychological violence. All forms of violence were experienced by teachers with prevalence higher among males than females except for sexual violence. Additionally, teachers working in the rural schools experienced a higher prevalence in all the three types of violence than urban teachers. Policies must be implemented to carter for gender and residential disparities (rural and urban) for optimum violence prevention programs. Description: A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF THE MASTERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MEDICAL STATISTICS, FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN.