DSpace Community: Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences

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Sat, 12 Feb 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Title: library Authors: Okon, Bayo

ANTIPLASMODIAL AND CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF PAULLINIA PINNATA LINN. IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER - INDUCED TESTICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN RODENTS

Tue, 01 Aug 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Title: ANTIPLASMODIAL AND CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF PAULLINIA PINNATA LINN. IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER - INDUCED TESTICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN RODENTS Authors: ADEYEMO-SALAMI, OLUWATOYIN A Abstract: Malaria and infertility pose as threat to health where they are common globally. Paullinia pinnata (PP) is used in folkloric medicine to treat malaria and infertility but without scientific proof. In this study, the antiplasmodial activity of PP and its modulatory effects on ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME)-induced testicular dysfunction were investigated in rodents. Ninety-six male Wistar rats (140-190g) were treated orally for sub-chronic toxicity (SCT) and chemopreventive studies (CS) with PP authenticated at Forestry Research Institute, Nigeria (FHI No.: I06555). Leaves of PP were air-dried, pulverized and extracted with absolute methanol by cold maceration. For SCT, 36 rats were assigned into 6 groups (n=6): Normal saline, PP(50, 100, 200, 400 and 800mg/kg). On day 29, rats were sacrificed and samples collected for biochemical analysis (BA). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride were determined by spectrophotometry. In CS, 60 rats were used (6 groups, n=10) and treated with: Distilled water, 10% DMSO, EGME(200mg/kg), PP(200mg/kg), EGME+PP(100mg/kg), EGME+PP(200mg/kg). On day 22, rats were euthanized, levels of reproductive hormones and spermiogram were determined by ELISA and microscopy, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined using spectrophotometry. For SCT and CS, histology of tissues (testes, brain, epididymes, liver, lung and kidney) was determined by microscopy. In the antiplasmodial studies, 102 Wistar mice (18- 27g) were inoculated with Plasmodium berghei NK 65. For curative test with safe dose (CTSD), infected mice (36) were allotted into 6 groups (n=6) and treated as follows: vehicle, untreatedinfected mice, chloroquine (CQ) (10mg/kg), artesunate (4mg/kg)-amodiaquine (10mg/kg) (ACT), PP(100mg/kg) and PP(200mg/kg) for 4 days and observed for 7 days postadministration. The animals were sacrificed and used for BA. Malaria aetiology profile was determined using microscopy. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. In SCT, PP (400, 800mg/kg) significantly increased ALP (29.0, 30.0%), PP (400mg/kg) significantly increased TC (25.0%) and triglycerides (47.0%) compared to controls. Safe dose of PP was 200mg/kg. For CS, rats with [EGME+PP100mg/kg] and [EGME+PP 200mg/kg] had significantly reduced testosterone (1.2±0.2; 1.1±0.6 vs 1.6±0.1pg/mL) and increased luteinizing hormone (13.5±1.5; 14.7±0.7 vs 10.0±0.0pg/mL), decreased sperm viability (11.0±1.0; 17.5±2.5 vs 70.0±3.9%), decreased motility (3.5±1.5; 10.0±2.9 vs 67.5±5.7%) and increased abnormality (14.0±0.4; 14.6±0.1 vs 11.9±0.3%). The [EGME+PP100mg/kg] and [EGME+PP 200mg/kg] significantly reduced SOD activities in the testes (U/mg protein) (5.0±1.7; 2.4±0.2 vs 9.5±0.0) and in the brain (7.1±1.4; 4.8±0.0 vs 12.3±1.1). In contrast, [EGME+PP100mg/kg] and [EGME+PP 200mg/kg] significantly increased MPO activities in the epididymes by 91.0 and 82.0% respectively. Percentage parasitaemia for CTSD were 42.5 and 36.3% for PP at 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Histology showed severe germinal erosion in the testis for CS. Methanol leaf extract of Paullinia pinnata had anti-plasmodial activity but reduced chemopreventive effect on gonadal injury induced by ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Description: A Thesis in the Department of Biochemistry submitted to the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Ibadan.

QUALITY OF LIFE AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG PERSONS WITH DIABETES ATTENDING SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN IBADAN SOUTH-WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OYO STATE

Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT

Title: QUALITY OF LIFE AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG PERSONS WITH DIABETES ATTENDING SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN IBADAN SOUTH-WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OYO STATE Authors: AYODELE, OLUBUNMI OLADOKUN Abstract: Quality of lite (QOL) issues arc of interest in diabetes management because it describes the ways individual's well being could be affected over time by the interference of diabetes. While previous studies had reported impairment of all domains of QOL among diabetic patients and had associated this most especially with the presence of diabetes complications, not many had focused on the determinants of QOL and perceived social support. Information about the QOL could be used design, implement and evaluate interventions which in turn could improve the QOL of diabetic patients. This study was conducted to assess the QOL of diabetic patients and to determine the factors associated with QOL among diabetic patients attending secondary health facilities in Ibadan South West Local Government. Using a cross-sectional study, a systematic sampling technique was used to select 300 consenting diabetic patients from two secondary health facilities in Ibadan south-west Local Government. A pretested interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical determinants, behavioral determinants, adherence to treatment and perceived social support. The data collection instrument was adapted from WHOQOL-bref questionnaire, multidimensional scale of perceived social support and relevant literatures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, student t-test, Anova, correlation and multiple linear regression with level of significance set at 0.05. Respondents were diabetic patients which consisted of 15 type I diabetic patients (5%) and 285(95%) type II diabetic patients. Majority of the respondents were in the 61-70 age group and predominantly females (79.9%). Most of the respondents (70.3%) of the patients were married. Primary education was the highest level of education attained by 32.0%. Ages of the respondents were statistically associated with the QOL score in social health domain. (p= -0.166. p= 0.004). Income of the respondents showed a positive correlation and significantly associated with all the domains of QOL (physical-B= 0.127. p=0.028. psychological-p=0.202, p=<0.001;social-[3=0.137, p =0.018 and environmental-P=0.210, p=<0.001). Level of education attained and employment status predicted the QOL score in the psychological domain ((5=0.170, p =0.003) and social domain ((3= -0.121, p =0.036) respectively. Diabetic patients with co-morbidity had lower mean QOL scores compared with those without co-morbidity, there was a significant association between co-morbidity and physical ([3= -0.138, p = 0.017) .psychological domains ((3= - 0.136, p = 0.019).Age at onset of illness had a negative correlation with all the domains ol qualitv ol life and was associated with the environmental domain ((3= -0.124, p =0.032).! here was positive correlation between medication and the psychological domain, which was statistically significant.([3= 0.137. p = 0.018). A positive correlation existed between perceived level of social support and all the domains except for the psychological domain; and significantly predicted the physical (p =<0.001) and environmental health domains. ((3=0.213, p<0.001). Diabetic patients with controlled blood glucose had a higher QOL scores in all domains than patients with uncontrolled blood glucose. Glycemic control is an important determinant of QOL in diabetic patients, therefore measures to ensure glycemic control should be encouraged in clinical management of diabetes. Description: A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MEDICAL STATISTICS FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN, NIGERIA.

High Rate of Non-detectable HIV-1 RNA Among Antiretroviral Drug Naive HIV Positive Individuals in Nigeria

Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: High Rate of Non-detectable HIV-1 RNA Among Antiretroviral Drug Naive HIV Positive Individuals in Nigeria Authors: Odaibo, Georgina N; Adewole, Issac F; Olaleye, David O Abstract: Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration, or viral load, is an indication of the magnitude of virus replication and largely correlates with disease progression in an infected person. It is a very useful guide for initiation of therapy and monitoring of response to antiretro viral drugs. Although the majority of patients who are not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a high viral load, a small proportion of ART naive patients are known to maintain low levels or even undetectable viral load levels. In this study, we determined the rate of undetectable HIV-1 RNA among ART naive HIV positive patients who presented for treatment at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria from 2005 to 2011. Baseline viral load and CD4 lymphocyte cell counts of 14,662 HIV positive drug naive individuals were determined using the Roche Amplicor version 1.5 and Partec easy count kit, respectively. The detection limits of the viral load assay are 400 copies/mL and 750,000 copies/mL for lower and upper levels, respectively. A total of 1,399 of the 14,662 (9.5%) HIV-1 positive drug naive individuals had undetectable viral load during the study period. In addition, the rate of non-detectable viral load increased over the years. The mean CD4 counts among HIV-1 infected individuals with detectable viral load (266 cells/µL; range = 1 to 2,699 cells/µL) was lower than in patients with undetectable viral load (557 cells/µL; range = 1 to 3,102 cells/µL). About 10% of HIV-1 infected persons in our study population had undetectable viral load using the Roche Amplicor version 1.5. Description: ARTICLE