DSpace Collection: Theses in Health Promotion and Education

EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON KNOWLEDGE AND QUALITY OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PARENTS AND THEIR ADOLESCENTS IN TWO COMMUNITIES IN IBADAN, NIGERIA

2016-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON KNOWLEDGE AND QUALITY OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PARENTS AND THEIR ADOLESCENTS IN TWO COMMUNITIES IN IBADAN, NIGERIA Authors: TITILOYE, M.A. Abstract: Adolescent Reproductive Health (ARH) problems are emerging public health concerns in Nigeria; yet they can be tackled through Parent-Adolescent intervention. However, paucity of information exists on knowledge and quality of parent-adolescent communication. This study was, therefore, designed to evaluate the effects of training on knowledge and quality relating to ARH communication between parents and their adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Egbeda and Ido Local Government Areas, which were randomly selected and allocated into Experimental Group (EG) and Control Group (CG), respectively. A three-stage random sampling technique was used to select 109 Parent-Adolescent Pairs (PAP) from compounds, houses and households in EG and 106 PAP from CG. Interviewer-administered instruments were used to collect data from the parents and adolescents at baseline. Both instruments included a 30-point knowledge scale and questions on ARH practices. The instrument for adolescents contained an additional 15-point Perceived Quality of ARH Communication (PQARHC) scale. Knowledge scores ≤10, >10-20 and >20 were categorised as poor, fair and good, respectively for both parents and adolescents. The PQARHC scores ≤5, >5-10 and >10 were categorised as poor, fair and good, respectively. Baseline results were used to design a training intervention for parents. The intervention enhanced the capacity of parents in EG to discuss ARH issues with their adolescents. Parents in CG were provided leaflet on personal hygiene. A post-intervention survey was conducted among the two groups. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Students’ t-tests at p=0.05. Ages of adolescents were 13.9±2.4 (EG), 13.9±2.3 (CG) years while parents’ ages were 43.6±9.5 and 42.6±8.5 years, respectively. Parents knowledge scores at baseline were 21.5±3.4 and 21.3±3.3 for EG and CG, respectively with no significant difference. Knowledge of EG and CG at post-intervention were 27.0±1.9 and 23.1±3.0, respectively with a significant difference. At baseline, adolescents in EG and CG whose parents ever discussed ARH issues with them were 20.2% and 21.7%, respectively. At post-intervention, all the adolescents in EG (100.0%) and 4.7% in the control reportedly received ARH information from their parents. Adolescents’ knowledge increased from 14.7±5.5 at baseline, to 22.9±1.6, significantly, at post-intervention in EG; no such difference was noted among CG. Parents in EG and CG with good knowledge were 84.4 and 84.0%, respectively with no significant difference at baseline. Significantly, more parents in EG (100.0%) than control (90.7%) had good knowledge at post-intervention. Adolescent respondents with good knowledge in EG increase significantly from 8.3% to 92.9% at post-intervention. The proportion with good knowledge at the baseline and post-intervention among CG were 6.6% and 22.1% with significant difference. Adolescent in EG whose PQARHC with their parents was adjudged to be of good quality were 17.4% and 100.0%, respectively with significantly difference at post-intervention. Among CG, the values at baseline and post-intervention were 20.8% and 4.7%, respectively with significant difference. Training was effective in improving knowledge and quality of communication among parents and their adolescents in Egbeda Local Government Area. Policy intervention and social-marketing strategies are recommended for institutionalising and scaling up the intervention. Description: A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Health Promotion and Education) in the Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria

SCHOOL–BASED HIV/AIDS RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION PROGRAMMES AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN ORLU SENATORIAL ZONE, IMO STATE, NIGERIA

2014-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: SCHOOL–BASED HIV/AIDS RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION PROGRAMMES AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN ORLU SENATORIAL ZONE, IMO STATE, NIGERIA Authors: EZEAMA, M.C. Abstract: Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) constitute a major public health challenge in Imo State and adolescents are increasingly becoming vulnerable. It is necessary to target adolescents with risk-reduction educational interventions because they can be effectively reached through schools. However, effective interventions for doing this are limited in Nigeria. This study was, therefore, conducted to investigate the relative effectiveness of Class-room Instruction (CI) and Drama (DR) on HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, perception and risk-reduction practices among adolescents in Orlu Senatorial Zone. A quasi-experimental design was adopted which involved 165 students from three randomly selected co-educational secondary schools assigned to two experimental groups (CI and DR) and control. Baseline data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire which included 29-point knowledge, 9-point attitude, 15-point Self-Efficacy (SE) scales and 27- point risk reduction practices scales. Knowledge scores <15 and ≥15 were classified as poor and good respectively; attitude scores <5 and ≥5 were respectively categorised as negative and positive; SE scores <7 and ≥7 were grouped as low and high respectively ,while risk reduction practices scores <13 and ≥13 were categorised as positive and negative respectively. Results were used to design interventions that were implemented for 8 weeks. Mid-term and follow-up evaluations were conducted using the same instrument. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA at p=0.05. Ages of the respondents in CI, DR and control groups were 13.4 ± 1.2, 13.9 ± 1.5 and 13.8 ± 1.2 years respectively. Knowledge scores on HIV/AIDS at baseline were 20.5±2.7, 20.4 ± 2.6 and 21.1 ± 2.7 for CI, DR and Control groups respectively. These increased to 22.7 ± 2.7, 22.61.8 and 21.2 ± 0.3 at mid-term among CI, DR and control, respectively. At follow-up, scores among CI and DR increased to 23.9 ± 1.8 and 24.5 ± 1.4 respectively while the control’s score dropped to 20.0 ± 2.8. At baseline, respondents’ with high SE among CI, DR and control were 87.3%, 81.8% and 70.9% respectively; at mid-term scores were 96.2%, 96.3%, 85.5% while scores at follow-up were 98.1%, 100.0%, 84.9% respectively. Attitude scores among CI, DR and control groups at baseline were 5.3 ± 1.4, 4.9 ± 1.5 and 5.3 ± 1.0 respectively. At mid-term attitude scores were 5.1 ± 1.2, 5.0 ± 0.9 and 4.7 ± 1.5 for CI, DR and control respectively while scores at follow-up were 5.3 ± 1.2, 5.6 ± 0.7 and 4.5 ± 1.2. HIV risk reduction practice among the respondents in CI, DR and control at baseline were 18.5±4.6, 19.8 ± 5.8 and 17.0 ± 4.8, at mid-term scores were 23.8 ± 3.4, 23.6 ± 3.4 and 17.7 ± 5.1, while scores at follow-up were 24.9 ± 2.6, 26.7 ± 1.1 and 17.0 ± 5.3 respectively, indicating significant increase among the intervention arms than control. Prevalence rates of non-sharing skin-piercing objects at baseline among CI (38.2%), DR (40.0%) and control (23.6%) were low compared to 94.2% and 96.3% at mid-term and 90.4% and 94.3% at follow-up for CI and DR, respectively. Drama intervention yielded more positive outcomes in knowledge gained, self-efficacy and risk-reduction practices than classroom instruction. Drama is therefore recommended for use as school-based HIV/AIDS risk-reduction intervention in Orlu Senatorial Zone, Imo State, Nigeria. Description: A Thesis in the Department of Health Promotion and Education, submitted to the Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON HIV AND AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG FISHERFOLKS IN SELECTED RIVERINE COMMUNITIES OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

2017-11-01T00:00:00Z

Title: EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON HIV AND AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG FISHERFOLKS IN SELECTED RIVERINE COMMUNITIES OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA Authors: AIYEDUN, S.A. Abstract: Fisherfolks participate in unsafe sexual behaviours which can predispose them to HIV infection. However, this population has been neglected with respect to HIV and AIDS prevention interventions because they are highly mobile and hard to reach. This research was, therefore, designed to assess the effects of training on HIV and AIDS-related knowledge and sexual behaviour among fisherfolks in Ajaokuta and Lokoja Local Government Areas (LGAs), Nigeria. The study was quasi-experimental in design. Systematic random sampling was used to select and allocate 208 respondents into Experimental Group (EG, n=103) in Ajaokuta and Control Group (CG, n=105) in Lokoja LGAs, Kogi State, Nigeria. Data were collected at baseline using a pretested interviewer administered questionnaire which included questions for eliciting the following information: socio-demographic characteristics; sexual behaviour; a 21-point HIV and AIDS knowledge and 26-point risk-perception scales. Knowledge scores <10, ≥10-15 and >15 were categorized as poor, fair and good, respectively. Risk-perception scores <13, ≥13-20, and>20 were categorized as lowrisk, fairrisk and highrisk, respectively. Thirty questionnaires were pretested among fisherfolks in Idah. Baseline results were used to design a 3-day HIV and AIDS prevention training targeted only at fisherfolks in the EG. Six monthly continuing education meetings were also held with the fisherfolks in EG. A post- intervention survey, using the instrument used at baseline, was conducted among the two groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and student’s t- tests at α 0.05 Ages of respondents in EG and CG were 35.6±11.7 and 28.4±8.1 years, respectively. There were 89.3% and 92.4% males in EG and CG, respectively while there were 10.7% and 7.6% females in EG and CG, respectively. Fisherfolks in EG and CG with good knowledge were 16.5% and 54.3%, respectively at baseline. There was a significant difference between change in good knowledge of fisherfolks in EG (100.0%) compared with the CG (60.0%). Knowledge of EG and CG at post-intervention were 17.9±3.7 and 12.3±7.5, respectively with a significant difference. At baseline, fisherfolks in EG and CG with high risk-perception scores were 26.2% and 59.0%, respectively. At post-intervention, risk-perception of fisherfolks in EG increased to 100.0% compared with 70.0% in control. Fisherfolks that had two or more sexual partners apart from their spouses at baseline were 32.0% and 21.0% for EG and CG, respectively. At post-intervention, there was a reduction in the number of UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY AFRICAN DIGITAL HEALTH REPOSITORY PROJECT sexual partners to 8.5% for EG and 7.7% for CG. Fisherfolks that used condom always at baseline constituted 26.6% and 30.8% for EG and CG, respectively. At post-intervention, significantly more fisherfolks in EG (58.5%) than control (33.0%) had used condom with non-primary partners. Knowledge scores at baseline were significantly different among EG (5.8±5.6) and CG (11.8±7.1). The intervention improved fisherfolks’ knowledge of HIV and AIDS, increased their risk-perception of HIV infection and may have led to a reduction in risky sexual behaviour. Therefore, HIV and AIDS education, public enlightenment and promotion of the adoption of HIV prevention technologies among fisherfolks are recommended to complement training as a strategy for HIV prevention and control. Description: A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Health Promotion and Education) in the department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS ON HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND PERCEIVED SELF-EFFICACY AMONG FEMALE APPRENTICES IN BENIN-CITY, NIGERIA.

2013-08-01T00:00:00Z

Title: EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS ON HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND PERCEIVED SELF-EFFICACY AMONG FEMALE APPRENTICES IN BENIN-CITY, NIGERIA. Authors: AKINBAMI, A.A. Abstract: Globally female youths are disproportionately affected by HIV. They tend to participate in more risky sexual activities especially those in apprenticeship. In Nigeria, interventions addressing the reproductive health needs of female youths are scarce. This study was carried out to compare the relative effectiveness of three interventions: peer education, education by instructors and a combination of the two on HIV prevention and safer sex among female apprentices in Benin-City. Benin-City was purposively selected as study site. The quasi-experimental study involved systematically selected 804 female apprentices drawn from 200 shops (120 tailoring and 80 hair-dressing saloons). The shops were assigned to three intervention groups and a control. The apprentices’ baseline information was obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of 21-point HIV knowledge, 26-point risky sexual activities and 21-point perceived self–efficacy scales. The intervention groups were shops whose apprentices received Peer Education alone (PE), Education by Apprentices’ Instructors alone (EAI); and combination of both (PE+EAI) relating to HIV prevention. The interventions consisted of training of randomly selected 100 apprentices as peer educators on HIV prevention and counselling. They administered the intervention on the apprentices in their shops for six months, completed in March 2010; the control received no intervention. Post-intervention evaluation was conducted at intervals of three and six months. The number of participants at baseline, three and six months were 201, 199 and 200 for PE; 200, 200 and 200 for EAI; 201, 198 and 200 for PE+EAI; and 202, 198 and 198 for the control group. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi square, t-test and ANOVA at p=0.05. Mean ages of respondents in PE, EAI, PE+EAI and control were 21.93.8, 21.52.8, 21.82.9 and 22.13.6 years respectively. Majority were singles: PE (86.6%), EAI (96.0%), PE+EAI (82.6%) and control (75.7%). Apprentices who completed Senior Secondary School education were PE (38.8%), EAI (58.0%), PE+AEI (27.4%) and control (48.0%). Mean knowledge scores at baseline were 10.8±3.6 (PE); 14.0±2.3 (EAI); 9.6±2.9 (PE+EAI) and 10.2±3.2 (control); these increased to 16.3±1.2, 15.8±1.9, 16.8±0.8 and 15.5±1.5 at three months; to 16.5±1.2; 17.1±0.7; 17.0±0.5 and 14.3±1.5 at six months for PE, EAI, PE+EAI and control respectively; there was significant increase in knowledge among intervention groups. At six months, there were significant reductions in proportions of respondents who had >1 sexual partner from 16.4% to 0.0% (PE), 3.0% to 0.0% (PE+EAI), 22.9% to 4.0% (control) but in EAI it increased from 0.0% to 2.1%. Comparing baseline with post-intervention data, respondents who reported condom use increased from 77.5% to 95.5% (PE), 82.0% to 85.6% (EAI), 49.0% to 76.8% (PE+EAI) and 58% to 60.3% (control) with significant differences only in the experimental groups. Difference between baseline and post-intervention mean score for perceived self-efficacy increased significantly in PE (from 12.1±2.9 to 16.6±3.7) and PE+EAI (10.4±5.0 to 13.6±2.8), but marginal increase in EAI (11.6±3.5 to 13.5±1.7) and control (11.2±2.9 to12.8±3.4). Combination of education by peers and apprentices’ instructors yielded more positive impact in knowledge and use of condom than single approach. It is recommended for use among female apprentices and policies should be formulated to support more interventions among this population. Description: A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Health Promotion and Education) at the Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.