Methods of voluntary reporting medication administration errors among nurses in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Reporting medication administration error (MAEs) is a significant strategy to ensure patient safety. Literature had it that most of what is reported as errors of administration is just a tip of the iceberg, suggesting that a lot more go unreported. The methods of reporting medication administration errors in Nigeria have not been well explored. This study examined the methods of reporting MAEs by nurses in selected wards in the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Nigeria. Methods: Across sectional survey of 286 nurses, who were conveniently selected from Medical, Surgical and Accident and Emergency departments of the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Nurses who gave consent to participate completed a 42-itcm structured questionnaire on the methods and reasons for non-reporting MAEs. Results: Among the study cohort, 162(64.8%) admitted to have committed MAEs in the past, of which 137(84.4%) voluntarily reported. Common methods included reporting to immediate supervisor (88; 34%), and confiding in a colleague 62 (24.8%). Only 39 (15.6%) documented and completed report forms. In addition, 183 (73.2%) believed that anonymous reporting enhances the rate of reporting errors. The major reason for non-reporting was the fear of being punished and labelled as incompetent practitioner (Main 3.82, ± 1.09). Conclusion: Findings suggest that not all MAEs committed by the study cohort were reported, and the methods used differ with individuals and units of practice. There is therefore a need to create more awareness that disclosure of MAEs will help to identify the specific causes of errors, thereby fostering safe practice.