PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF DELIRIUM AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN

Abstract

Background: Delirium is highly prevalent in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). This tends to worsen the prognosis and may result in loss of will to continue to seek medical attention or result in development of self-injurious behaviours especially in children. Therefore, delirium in CRF requires a high detection rate in order to improve the outcome of CRF. Thus, bedside screening for delirium by nurses is justifiable considering their closer contact with patients compared with other health care workers. This was a descriptive study that determined the prevalence and correlates of delirium among children and adolescents with chronic renal failure at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, using a bedside delirium screening instrument that deployed for use by nurses. Methodology: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based survey involving a two stage sampling technique among 69 respondents. The sociodemographic questionnaire, Chronic Kidney Disease Patient (CKD) Questionnaire, and the Cornell assessment of paediatric delirium were the instruments of data collection. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential (Chi-square) statistics at significance level of p<0.05. Results: Respondents’ mean age was 8.4±5.0years with age range of 1-21years and 43.5% were within the age of 6-10years. Majority (60.9%) of the respondents were boys and 66.7% had primary education. The majority of the respondents (92.8%) reported living with their parents right from their childhood. Out of the respondents, 38 (61.3%) were diagnosed less than a 1year ago. The prevalence of delirium was--17.4% screened positive for delirium while 82.7% screened negative. Delirium was more prevalent in boys 14. 3% screened positive among those who use native herbs.etc Predictors of delirium were respondents with medical comorbidity and are significantly more likely to screen positive for delirium 8.2,95% CI (1.4_46.9) while respondents with primary education and those with secondary are significantly less likely to screen positive for delirium when compared with infants OR=0.2, 95% CI (0.001-0.319) OR = 0.029 95% CI (0.001-0.567) respectively. (Prediction is 87.0%). Conclusions: Delirium is highly prevalent among children and adolescents with CKF. Therefore, nurses are required to have bide-side skills to detect delirum among children and adolescents with CKF