http://adhlui.com.ui.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/14 Department of Pathology Sat, 28 Feb 2026 23:18:02 GMT 2026-02-28T23:18:02Z http://adhlui.com.ui.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/93 Title: STUDIES ON THE BURKITT AND LYMPHORETICULAR TUMOURS IN NIGERIA Authors: OSUNKOYA, B. O. Abstract: Burkitt’s tumour exemplifies the popular belief that lympho-reticular tumours are relatively more common in African than elsewhere. At the time the present studies were contemplated, its exact histogenesis was controversial, its aetiology and pathogenesis were unknown. It was however clear as a result of the pioneer work of Dr. Denis Burkitt, that the tumour is predominantly a childhood cancer with remarkable predilection for the jaws, and preponderate in the wet tropical Africa. Morphological studies were therefore undertaken using histological and phase contrast criteria, to characterize the tumour and classify it within the framework of modern nomenclature for lymphoreticular and childhood tumours seen at U.C.H Ibadan. From a histological review of biopsies of lymphoreticular tumours seen in the Department of Pathology, U.C.H. Ibadan, it became evident that a histological diagnosis of Burkitt’s tumour was possible in most, but the characteristic “starry-sky” pattern is not by itself unique to the tumour. A “starry-sky” appearance produced by closely packed, hyperchromatic, monomorphic blast cells, interspersed by large, pale, well-differentiated histiocytosis considered pathognomonic; the appearance is shared only by hyperblastic lymphoid germinal centre. The blast cells of Burkitt’s tumour were characterized as lymphoblasts and distinguished from the cells of other round cell sarcomas of childhood by phase contract cytology. The close similarity of the cells to phytohaemagglutinin transferred lymphocytes already observed by Pulvertaft (1964) and Wright (1966a) was confirmed. It was however, also noted that there is close resemblance between the cells and certain blast cells seen in preparations from reactive lymph nodes, and pressured to be blast cells from hyperplastic lymphoid germinal centres. It is submitted that the lymphoblasts of Burkitt’s tumour can be distinguished by phase contrast cytology from those of conventional childhood lymphosarcoma. This finding establishes the occurrence of both types of solid lymphoblastic neoplasms of childhood in Nigeria, and is in support of the contention of Burkitt and Wright (Burkitt and Wright 1966, Wright 1966b) that the two are distinct entities. The titles “Burkitt’s lymphoma” is in consequence adopted, to emphasis the lymphomatous origin of the tumour and to distinguish it from conventional childhood lymphosarcoma. Eight lymphoblast cell lines (OB1, OB2, OB3, OB4, OB5, OB6, OB7, OB8) Established from Burkitt’s Lymphoma provided readily available tumour material for use in experimental studies of the immunopathology of the tumour. Immunofluorescence and in vitro cytotoxic tests as well as growth inhibition of Burkitt’s lymphoma cells were the parameters used to provide evidence for the conclusion that Burkitt’s lymphoma patients (untreated and in remission), as well as individuals with no history of the disease, do possess antibodies to antigens in Burkitt’s lymphoma. Significant differences in the incidence of positive individuals in the various groups tested led to the conclusion that the antibody was against a ubiquitous infective antigen to which Nigerians (and presumably individuals in other areas where the tumour is “endemic”) are readily exposed, more so than Americans. The conclusions support the virus-induced hypothesis of Davies, (1962), Burkitt (1962b) and Stanley (1966) for Burkitt’s lymphoma. Speculative submissions are made on the pathogenesis of Burkitt’s lymphosa. Finally, capacity of Burkitt’s lymphosa cells for immunoglobin synthesis and secretion, demonstrated in preliminary experiments in collaboration with the Burkitt’s lymphoma study Group at U.C.H. Ibadan, confirms the suspicion of existence of host-defence mechanisms, raises hope of immunotherapy, and encourages future search for specific infective antigens related to the aetiology of the tumour. Description: A THESIS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF NEDICINE IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN Thu, 01 Dec 1966 00:00:00 GMT http://adhlui.com.ui.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/93 1966-12-01T00:00:00Z http://adhlui.com.ui.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/80 Title: SOME IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS OF TRIPANOSONA GAMBIESSE ISOLATES Authors: EMEJUAIWE, S.O. Abstract: Serological characteristics and the protective effect of humeral antibodies (serum) were examined in rabbits (a) infected with Trypanosoma gambiense, (b) immunized with killed Trypanosoma gambiense, (c) immunized with complete Freund’s adjuvant incorporated Trypanosoma gambiense. A few experiments using infected and immunized maker were also carried out. It was observed that parasite agglutinating antibody appers in infected rabbits before seven days after infection rising to its highest peak on the 28th day, thereafter a decrease in agglutination titro is marked. There seen to be a slight delay in the appearance of detectable parasite agglutinating antibody in rabbits immunized with Trypanosomes incorporated complete Freund’s adjuvant, trypanosomes incorporated incomplete Freund's adjuvant as well as Trypanosomes killed by freezing and thawing. Rabbits immunized with trypanosomes incorporated with complete Freund’s adjuvant gave a somewhat lower titre of parasite agglutinating antibody during the period of experimentation; however, the titre in all cases reached its maximum peak around the 28th day. In all cases there appears to be two peaks in the increasing level of the heterophile antibody titro, with the first peck appearing on the 14th day and a second park evident on the 35th day. Infected rabbits show a markedly higher titro of heterophile antibody than remaining groups. The increasing levels of globulins seem to confirm the increasing synthesis of synthesis of gamma globulin during the course of infection as well as immunization. However, this increase of Globulin levels is not directly related to the level of agglutinating, heterophile as well as protective antibody titros. There is definite protective effect conferred in mice through the humeral transfer of antibodies starting from the 2Ist day and reaching its peak around the 28th day, thereafter shows a decreasing value. There is no direct relationship between parasite agglutinating antibody titro of serum and the protective effect of such serum. It was observed that sera from very early response (14 days or less) with high aglutination titre have no protective affect. Though sera from the peak agglutination response conferred better protection oven after dilution, yet sera collected 35 days after immunization or infection possessing lower agglutination response have marked protective effect. Direct agglutination test using virulent Trypanosoma gambiense reveal in monkey infections that once the animal survives the first infection, the surviving animal shows long lasting immunity against re-infection. In an immuned animal there is generally a high level of parasites agglutinating antibody, which is mainly 195, and which possesses neutralizing effect. Serum from immuned animal is protective against infection to normal animals (rats and mice in particular). The agglutinating antibody in not strain specific and therefore shows cross reactivity with at least one other strain from different geographical area. The agglutination reaction is non-lytic and irreversible. The agglutinating reaction is specifically directed against the organisms and not the host red blood cells. Immobilization of the parasites does not seem to occur in the presence of antiserum prepared against the parasites. The known antigenic variation does not seem to occur with regard to the antigenic factor(s) responsible for the stimulation of the production of agglutinating antibody. Pregnancy in an immuned Rhesus monkey appears to decrease the protective effect of anti-serum obtained from such monkey but does not affect the agglutination titre in Trpanosoma Gambiense Serological observation indicated that antibodies produced in rabbits against Trpanosoma Gambiense did not protect Mice against experimental infection with Trpanosoma brucei. After six months storage at 10° c a drop in the agglutination titre of rabbit anti-sera to Trpanosoma Gambiense, was observed. The drop in agglutination titre was very significant particularly in the case of sera from rabbits immunized with Trypanosomes in incomplete Fround’s adjuvant. However, the protective effects of these antisera did not seem to have been affected by storage. Macroglobulins fractionated with sophadex G. 200 gave some protection to mice passively immunized with such fractions. The degree of protection seem to be the same irrespective of the mode of immunization. However, the fractions containing 75 immunoglobulins mainly gave similar marked proctection to mice passively immunized with antisera from rabbits immunized with trypanomes in complete Fround’s adjuvant as well as mice passively immunized with antisera from rabbits immunized with trypanosomes in incomplete Fround’s adjuvant, at the same time, 75 immuglobulin fractions of sera from rabbits infected with live trypanosomes completely protected all iv MSerog,obulins frc.ctionsted with sephadex C. gavo pc= protoctiat to nico passively irmlimizod with such frnctions. The do c7= of protection seem to be tho oa=o irrespective of the =do of ir-uni..etion. 2ouover, Cul fractions containing 7S 1.2=noglobulins nninly gsvc sinner carked protection to nico passively inrunizod 4th antisorn fron rabbits iLvunizad with tripanasones in Con Zeta Froundls adjuvemt o well as nice passively innunized with antisora Iron rabbits inrunicc4 with trypanoemos in Incoupinto Froundls adjuvant, at the eano tine, 7S iumnoglobtain frlotiono of Dora Iron rabbits infected with live tryprutosonco conplotoly rirritcetod all tho nice pansivoly innunized 4th such 1'1-notions, The earlier findinco nhov nazi:0d protective offoct of antieorn fron infected group of rabbits oven when ouch sera wore diluted at rkn moll as 1/32, for this =anon the protoctivo offocto of the norm fractions wore retested after la dilution. It wro obsorvod that tho nacroglobulin fractions in thoso groups tested, lost V Description: A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, NIGERIA. Mon, 01 Feb 1971 00:00:00 GMT http://adhlui.com.ui.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/80 1971-02-01T00:00:00Z http://adhlui.com.ui.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/54 Title: CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY OF PATHOGENIC TRYPANOSOMES Authors: ESURUOSO, G.O. Abstract: Pathogenic trypanosomes are the cause of a variety of disease syndromes kown collectively as trypanosomiases of man and animals. The association of the tsetse fly (Glossina species) with the transmission of the disease in Africa, and not elsewhere, has led to the adoption of the title "African trypanosomiases" for the disease on the continent. For the same reason, African trypanosomiases have often been described as an entomological problem. But no one will deny that protozoologists, epidemiologists, biochemists, pathologists and immunologists have their parts to play if the problem is to be resolved, eventually. This study is concerned with immunological aspects. Immunological studies of trypanosomiases are traditionally aimed at elucidating the nature of trypanosomal antigens, the biological properties of trypanosomal antibodies, the mechanism of pathogenesis and the kinetics of resistance. In addition, improved methods of diagnosis and practica1 immunization procedures, are eagerly sought. Much effort has been directed towards studies of antigens and antibodies, and the achievements in the knowledge of these aspects are very impressive. It is, however, becoming increasingly evident that investigations into cellular parameters of the host-parasite interactions leading to the diseased state will be necessary to place the nature of the problem in proper perspective. In this thesis both the role and the fate of immunologically active cell lines, and the nature of their involvement in the lesions and the outcome of the infections will be considered. This is important, since the role of the cells must be related to the host resistance and their fate to host susceptibility. However, with the present improved methods available for investigating cellular immunity, it may be rewarding to apply the available knowledge to the study of the neglected aspect of the diseases caused by pathogenic trypanomes. Description: A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT PATHOLOGY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, NIGERIA. Fri, 01 May 1970 00:00:00 GMT http://adhlui.com.ui.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/54 1970-05-01T00:00:00Z