DSpace Collection: Theses in Biochemistry

ANTIPLASMODIAL AND CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF PAULLINIA PINNATA LINN. IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER - INDUCED TESTICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN RODENTS

2017-08-01T00:00:00Z

Title: ANTIPLASMODIAL AND CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF PAULLINIA PINNATA LINN. IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER - INDUCED TESTICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN RODENTS Authors: ADEYEMO-SALAMI, OLUWATOYIN A Abstract: Malaria and infertility pose as threat to health where they are common globally. Paullinia pinnata (PP) is used in folkloric medicine to treat malaria and infertility but without scientific proof. In this study, the antiplasmodial activity of PP and its modulatory effects on ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME)-induced testicular dysfunction were investigated in rodents. Ninety-six male Wistar rats (140-190g) were treated orally for sub-chronic toxicity (SCT) and chemopreventive studies (CS) with PP authenticated at Forestry Research Institute, Nigeria (FHI No.: I06555). Leaves of PP were air-dried, pulverized and extracted with absolute methanol by cold maceration. For SCT, 36 rats were assigned into 6 groups (n=6): Normal saline, PP(50, 100, 200, 400 and 800mg/kg). On day 29, rats were sacrificed and samples collected for biochemical analysis (BA). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride were determined by spectrophotometry. In CS, 60 rats were used (6 groups, n=10) and treated with: Distilled water, 10% DMSO, EGME(200mg/kg), PP(200mg/kg), EGME+PP(100mg/kg), EGME+PP(200mg/kg). On day 22, rats were euthanized, levels of reproductive hormones and spermiogram were determined by ELISA and microscopy, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined using spectrophotometry. For SCT and CS, histology of tissues (testes, brain, epididymes, liver, lung and kidney) was determined by microscopy. In the antiplasmodial studies, 102 Wistar mice (18- 27g) were inoculated with Plasmodium berghei NK 65. For curative test with safe dose (CTSD), infected mice (36) were allotted into 6 groups (n=6) and treated as follows: vehicle, untreatedinfected mice, chloroquine (CQ) (10mg/kg), artesunate (4mg/kg)-amodiaquine (10mg/kg) (ACT), PP(100mg/kg) and PP(200mg/kg) for 4 days and observed for 7 days postadministration. The animals were sacrificed and used for BA. Malaria aetiology profile was determined using microscopy. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. In SCT, PP (400, 800mg/kg) significantly increased ALP (29.0, 30.0%), PP (400mg/kg) significantly increased TC (25.0%) and triglycerides (47.0%) compared to controls. Safe dose of PP was 200mg/kg. For CS, rats with [EGME+PP100mg/kg] and [EGME+PP 200mg/kg] had significantly reduced testosterone (1.2±0.2; 1.1±0.6 vs 1.6±0.1pg/mL) and increased luteinizing hormone (13.5±1.5; 14.7±0.7 vs 10.0±0.0pg/mL), decreased sperm viability (11.0±1.0; 17.5±2.5 vs 70.0±3.9%), decreased motility (3.5±1.5; 10.0±2.9 vs 67.5±5.7%) and increased abnormality (14.0±0.4; 14.6±0.1 vs 11.9±0.3%). The [EGME+PP100mg/kg] and [EGME+PP 200mg/kg] significantly reduced SOD activities in the testes (U/mg protein) (5.0±1.7; 2.4±0.2 vs 9.5±0.0) and in the brain (7.1±1.4; 4.8±0.0 vs 12.3±1.1). In contrast, [EGME+PP100mg/kg] and [EGME+PP 200mg/kg] significantly increased MPO activities in the epididymes by 91.0 and 82.0% respectively. Percentage parasitaemia for CTSD were 42.5 and 36.3% for PP at 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Histology showed severe germinal erosion in the testis for CS. Methanol leaf extract of Paullinia pinnata had anti-plasmodial activity but reduced chemopreventive effect on gonadal injury induced by ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Description: A Thesis in the Department of Biochemistry submitted to the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Ibadan.

QUALITY OF LIFE AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG PERSONS WITH DIABETES ATTENDING SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN IBADAN SOUTH-WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OYO STATE

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: QUALITY OF LIFE AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG PERSONS WITH DIABETES ATTENDING SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN IBADAN SOUTH-WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OYO STATE Authors: AYODELE, OLUBUNMI OLADOKUN Abstract: Quality of lite (QOL) issues arc of interest in diabetes management because it describes the ways individual's well being could be affected over time by the interference of diabetes. While previous studies had reported impairment of all domains of QOL among diabetic patients and had associated this most especially with the presence of diabetes complications, not many had focused on the determinants of QOL and perceived social support. Information about the QOL could be used design, implement and evaluate interventions which in turn could improve the QOL of diabetic patients. This study was conducted to assess the QOL of diabetic patients and to determine the factors associated with QOL among diabetic patients attending secondary health facilities in Ibadan South West Local Government. Using a cross-sectional study, a systematic sampling technique was used to select 300 consenting diabetic patients from two secondary health facilities in Ibadan south-west Local Government. A pretested interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical determinants, behavioral determinants, adherence to treatment and perceived social support. The data collection instrument was adapted from WHOQOL-bref questionnaire, multidimensional scale of perceived social support and relevant literatures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, student t-test, Anova, correlation and multiple linear regression with level of significance set at 0.05. Respondents were diabetic patients which consisted of 15 type I diabetic patients (5%) and 285(95%) type II diabetic patients. Majority of the respondents were in the 61-70 age group and predominantly females (79.9%). Most of the respondents (70.3%) of the patients were married. Primary education was the highest level of education attained by 32.0%. Ages of the respondents were statistically associated with the QOL score in social health domain. (p= -0.166. p= 0.004). Income of the respondents showed a positive correlation and significantly associated with all the domains of QOL (physical-B= 0.127. p=0.028. psychological-p=0.202, p=<0.001;social-[3=0.137, p =0.018 and environmental-P=0.210, p=<0.001). Level of education attained and employment status predicted the QOL score in the psychological domain ((5=0.170, p =0.003) and social domain ((3= -0.121, p =0.036) respectively. Diabetic patients with co-morbidity had lower mean QOL scores compared with those without co-morbidity, there was a significant association between co-morbidity and physical ([3= -0.138, p = 0.017) .psychological domains ((3= - 0.136, p = 0.019).Age at onset of illness had a negative correlation with all the domains ol qualitv ol life and was associated with the environmental domain ((3= -0.124, p =0.032).! here was positive correlation between medication and the psychological domain, which was statistically significant.([3= 0.137. p = 0.018). A positive correlation existed between perceived level of social support and all the domains except for the psychological domain; and significantly predicted the physical (p =<0.001) and environmental health domains. ((3=0.213, p<0.001). Diabetic patients with controlled blood glucose had a higher QOL scores in all domains than patients with uncontrolled blood glucose. Glycemic control is an important determinant of QOL in diabetic patients, therefore measures to ensure glycemic control should be encouraged in clinical management of diabetes. Description: A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MEDICAL STATISTICS FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN, NIGERIA.

ANTIPLASMODIAL AND CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF PAULLINIA PINNATA LINN. IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER - INDUCED TESTICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN RODENTS

2017-08-01T00:00:00Z

ASSESSMENT OF MICRONUTRIENT STATUS IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ATTENDING ANTIRETROVIRAL CLINIC IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA

2015-04-01T00:00:00Z

Title: ASSESSMENT OF MICRONUTRIENT STATUS IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ATTENDING ANTIRETROVIRAL CLINIC IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA Authors: OLAGUNJU, OLUWASEN TIMOTHY Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection continues to have impact on the nutritional status of those affected by the disease. Micronutrients act as important modulators of viral and bacterial metabolism in HIV infection and AIDS. In Nigeria, micronutrient deficiencies in People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have not been fully documented. Knowledge of micronutrient status is required for effective management of HIV/AIDS. This study therefore assessed the micronutrient levels and its relationship with CD4 cell counts in PLWHA receiving treatment in selected Anti-Retroviral Clinics (ART) in Oyo State, Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which PLWHA attending antiretroviral clinics in Adeoyo Maternity Hospital, Ibadan and State Hospital Oyo, Oyo State, were selected using systematic random sampling based on their ART status. Two hundred and twenty-two ART and 179 pre- ART participants were recruited respectively until the total sample size of 401 was attained. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic/anthropometric characteristics: age, sex, weight, height, waist and hip circumference were measured and body mass (BMI) calculated. Secondary data were employed for CD4 cell counts. Blood sample was collected and digestion of the sample was done by the addition of 1NHN03 Levels of micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr and Mn) were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and compared with the reference values, Copper (70-133|ig/dl), Iron (60-175ng/dl), Zinc (65-145|ig/dl), Chromium (140-1400ng/l), Manganese (4-15^g/l) and CD4 cell counts (>200 cells/fil). Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, correlation, logistic regression and ANOVA at p=0.05. iThe demographic characteristics of the participants among ART and pre-ART were age 39.44±9.65, 40.55±9.71 years, primary education, 43.1%, and 30.1%, married, 73.2% and 81.9% respectively. Anthropometric measurements were: BMI 16.75±2.2kg/m2 and 14.0±2.5kg/m2, waist circumference 29.3±2.6 cm and 31.5±2.9 cm, hip circumference 28.2±2.8 cm and 27.9±2.6 cm and waist/hip ratio 0.79±0.05 cm and 0.87±0.04 cm. The proportion of underweight among ART and pre-ART were 11.2% and 9.7%. The CD4 cell counts for ART were 557.2±280.9 cells^L and pre-ART were 232.4±110.9 cells/^L. The CD4 cell counts showed weak correlation with iron (r=0.022, p=0.7) and negative correlation with copper (r= -0.03, p=0.50), zinc (r= -0.07, p=0.19), chromium (r= -0.05, p=0.32) and manganese (r= -0.02, p=0.63). The concentration of micronutrient in cases and controls were similar. Respondents' having micronutrients within reference values in all the participants were 372 (92.8%), 197(47.9%), 385 (96.0%), 396 (98.8%) for copper, iron, zinc and manganese respectively. This study revealed that blood levels of iron among ART and pre-ART respondents were below reference levels. Therefore iron supplementation is recommended to boost the CD4 cell counts and reduce the risk of developing anaemia both groups. Description: A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MEDICAL STATISTICS, FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN LABORATORY EPIDEMIOLOGY PRACTICE OF UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN, NIGERIA.